https://glamportal.auctr.edu/files/original/a458f0348179bcd623170521fb15fb5a.jpg ba995a62c3e96321c9f71b23dbac566a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource War...and its Aftermath On Friday, the 27th day of January, 1972, the war in Vietnam was formally brought to a close with the signing of a “cease fire” agreement in Paris. It was the longest war in American history having lasted something more than twelve years at a direct cost of more than $110 billion. It was also the most unpopular war, and the most controversial. Not many Americans were agreed upon what they were fighting for, or whether our goals had been realized when the armistice was signed. There was almost universal agreement however, that it was time, indeed long past time, to get our men out and go home. A disproportionate number of the men fighting in Southeast Asia were Black Americans. https://glamportal.auctr.edu/files/original/fdf469351b54040bf7f4edcb0d927689.jpg c2cd6c3f8bd24fab11359b08c08632b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource They were the poor and jobless conscripts who fell the inevitable heirs to the uniforms rejected by the white middle class youth, who, if their traditional insulation of cast and class, education and profession proved insufficient to protect them from physical involvement in the war, could quit the country in protest to live in Canada or Sweden. The war was a difficult and shattering experience for most black soldiers. They could not “opt for Canada” as could educated the white youth of the American establishment. By-and-by all will be forgiven and they will come home again to jobs and families and positions. Bitter experience has taught Black Americans that what is “protest” for some may well be considered “treason” for some others. (It was only in 1972 that the Federal Government finally cleared 167 Black soldiers of the all-black First Battalion of the 25th Infantry who were dishonorably discharged by President Theodore Roosevelt for “protesting” their mistreatment in Brownsville, Texas 66 years earlier in 1906!) The burden of the war then fell upon https://glamportal.auctr.edu/files/original/45df9bac8125208df3d5cb9f0cbe2d0f.jpg 8e36fa4c68d89a9ed4df819d4be985be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blacks as a caste, the poor as a class, and its professional military. Many of the last two categories, ironically, come from the Southern United States making for improbably harmony and efficiency in the field. Inevitably as the war dragged on, racial incidents at American bases in Asia (and in occupied Europe) increased. At the front, Black casualties were disproportionately high, suggesting the possibility of bias in military assignments. There were votes in [?]ing Black and white sailors aboard American warships, and between the races at training camps in America and at Army containments[?] abroad. Off duty, Black soldiers and sailors frequented one section of town, whites another. Reflecting the growing sense https://glamportal.auctr.edu/files/original/1b170cf5ce42901c622d8f0137f5c8f6.jpg 439651015e3722eda71341f4466e1985 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource of black ethnicity at home, Blacks in the military began to find new pride in their identity. They also demanded that recognition be given their traditional food, recreational and cosmetic preferences, instead of continuing the traditional assumption that what white soldiers preferred to eat, the music they enjoyed most, or the way they liked to cut their hair was necessarily good for, or acceptable to Blacks. By the war’s end, relationships between the races in the military services was seriously deteriorated, and a series of formal investigations had been called for. The return of the war veterans posed critical problems of adjustment. Jobs needed to be found. Rehabilitation to civilian life would not be easy or https://glamportal.auctr.edu/files/original/374e73af87146fb4c090b00d23cdac51.jpg 927afc6cfa36ce855b083c75d6b2afc2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource automatic. Many soldiers had been brutalized by combat, drugs, and racial experiences. There is a growing demand for an all “volunteer” army. The American establishment does not want its sons to ever again be faced with the choice of serving in a war like “Vietnam,” or expatriating themselves to avoid conscription. The expectation is that if the pay is attractive enough, under the established cadre of professional officers, the Black and the poor will be Hessians to the nation with little inconvenience to the rest of America. Should the possibility that employment and underemployment differentials between whites and blacks continue, the American army of the future may well be the largest “black” military force in the world. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document War...and its Aftermath On Friday, the 27th day of January, 1972, the war in Vietnam was formally brought to a close with the signing of a “cease fire” agreement in Paris. It was the longest war in American history having lasted something more than twelve years at a direct cost of more than $110 billion. It was also the most unpopular war, and the most controversial. Not many Americans were agreed upon what they were fighting for, or whether our goals had been realized when the armistice was signed. There was almost universal agreement however, that it was time, indeed long past time, to get our men out and go home. A disproportionate number of the men fighting in Southeast Asia were Black Americans. They were the poor and jobless conscripts who fell the inevitable heirs to the uniforms rejected by the white middle class youth, who, if their traditional insulation of cast and class, education and profession proved insufficient to protect them from physical involvement in the war, could quit the country in protest to live in Canada or Sweden. The war was a difficult and shattering experience for most black soldiers. They could not “opt for Canada” as could educated the white youth of the American establishment. By-and-by all will be forgiven and they will come home again to jobs and families and positions. Bitter experience has taught Black Americans that what is “protest” for some may well be considered “treason” for some others. (It was only in 1972 that the Federal Government finally cleared 167 Black soldiers of the all-black First Battalion of the 25th Infantry who were dishonorably discharged by President Theodore Roosevelt for “protesting” their mistreatment in Brownsville, Texas 66 years earlier in 1906!) The burden of the war then fell upon Blacks as a caste, the poor as a class, and its professional military. Many of the last two categories, ironically, come from the Southern United States making for improbably harmony and efficiency in the field. Inevitably as the war dragged on, racial incidents at American bases in Asia (and in occupied Europe) increased. At the front, Black casualties were disproportionately high, suggesting the possibility of bias in military assignments. There were votes in [?]ing Black and white sailors aboard American warships, and between the races at training camps in America and at Army containments[?] abroad. Off duty, Black soldiers and sailors frequented one section of town, whites another. Reflecting the growing sense of black ethnicity at home, Blacks in the military began to find new pride in their identity. They also demanded that recognition be given their traditional food, recreational and cosmetic preferences, instead of continuing the traditional assumption that what white soldiers preferred to eat, the music they enjoyed most, or the way they liked to cut their hair was necessarily good for, or acceptable to Blacks. By the war’s end, relationships between the races in the military services was seriously deteriorated, and a series of formal investigations had been called for. The return of the war veterans posed critical problems of adjustment. Jobs needed to be found. Rehabilitation to civilian life would not be easy or automatic. Many soldiers had been brutalized by combat, drugs, and racial experiences. There is a growing demand for an all “volunteer” army. The American establishment does not want its sons to ever again be faced with the choice of serving in a war like “Vietnam,” or expatriating themselves to avoid conscription. The expectation is that if the pay is attractive enough, under the established cadre of professional officers, the Black and the poor will be Hessians to the nation with little inconvenience to the rest of America. Should the possibility that employment and underemployment differentials between whites and blacks continue, the American army of the future may well be the largest “black” military force in the world. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "War...and its Aftermath" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lincoln, C. Eric (Charles Eric), 1924-2000 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived C. Eric Lincoln collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource undated Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All images in this collection either are protected by copyright or are the property of the Robert W. Woodruff Library of the Atlanta University Center, Inc., and/or the copyright holder as appropriate. To order a reproduction or to inquire about permission to publish, please contact archives@auctr.edu with specific object file name. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscripts (documents) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context auc.047.0001_001.doc.b140f14 auc.047.0001_002.doc.b140f14 auc.047.0001_003.doc.b140f14 auc.047.0001_004.doc.b140f14 auc.047.0001_005.doc.b140f14